{"claim":"An agent reasoning from the 49 CFR 177.848(d) segregation table alone clears loads the regulation forbids, because the table is one of four independent refusal axes.","headline":{"configurations_the_table_alone_clears":792,"of_those_the_regulation_actually_forbids":56,"share":0.0707,"grounds":{"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE":48,"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER":8}},"forbidden_materials":{"entries_designated_Forbidden":256,"recoverable_by_an_identification_number_keyed_index":0,"recoverable_by_this_index":256},"method":{"what_is_measured":"Every ordered pair of the 18 hazard categories the table indexes, in each of the four barrier and truckload-carve-out configurations. The second axis is the 177.848(e)(3) carve-out AS A WHOLE, a single-shipper truckload plus the explicit non-reaction assertion, because the clause requires both and sweeping the shipper alone produced two identical halves. The naive arm applies the published cell alone. The full arm applies all four axes. A configuration is divergent when the first clears and the second refuses.","naive_arm_is_deliberately_generous":"X refuses. O clears whenever a barrier is asserted. A blank cell imposes no restriction and so clears. An ASTERISK is the generous case and the one to watch: 177.848(e)(4) REFERS that pair to the compatibility table in paragraph (f) rather than clearing it, so an agent that stops at the table has not been told yes, only that it has not been told no. Counting a referral as a clearance MAXIMISES the measured gap rather than minimising it, so this figure is an upper bound on the naive-table failure and not a floor.","composition_of_the_divergent_set":{"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE":48,"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER":8},"representatives":"Each category is represented by a real 172.101 entry, chosen as the lowest table index resolving to exactly that one category and not itself Forbidden. No material here is invented.","configurations_examined":1296,"categories":18,"categories_represented":18},"honest_limits":["This measures the SIZE OF THE GAP an agent reasons across when it treats the table as the whole rule. It is not a measurement of any model's accuracy and does not claim one.","No language model was run to produce this number, and none is needed to reproduce it. A model-versus-tool benchmark would require an OpenAI key this project does not have, and would measure the model rather than the regulation.","The count is at the level of hazard CATEGORY, not of individual material. A material-level count over all 3,293 entries would be larger; this one is exhaustive over the space it names and involves no sampling.","The tool arm passes by construction, so no comparison of two classifiers is being reported here.","48 of the 56 divergent configurations are EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE and come from asterisk cells, which 177.848(e)(4) refers to the 177.848(f) compatibility table rather than clearing outright. Counting that referral as a clearance is the generous reading described above, and it is what makes this an upper bound. The remaining 8 are CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER, from O cells the table positively permits once a barrier is asserted, and those are clearances in the strict sense.","The eCFR is an editorial compilation. Only GPO's own editions have legal status."],"examples":[{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":false,"singleShipper":false,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":false,"singleShipper":true,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":true,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":false,"singleShipper":false,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Ammonium nitrate, with more than 0.2 percent combustible substances, including any organic substance calculated as carbon, to the exclusion of any other added substance","b":"Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge","cell":"*","barriersPresent":false,"singleShipper":true,"code":"EXPLOSIVE_INCOMPATIBLE","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(4)"},{"a":"Aluminum powder, coated","b":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"},{"a":"Alkali metal alloys, liquid, n.o.s","b":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"},{"a":"Adsorbed gas, toxic, oxidizing, n.o.s. Inhalation hazard zone C","b":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"},{"a":"Articles containing organic peroxide, n.o.s.","b":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"},{"a":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","b":"Aluminum powder, coated","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"},{"a":"Acetic acid solution, not less than 50 percent but not more than 80 percent acid, by mass","b":"Alkali metal alloys, liquid, n.o.s","cell":"O","barriersPresent":true,"singleShipper":false,"code":"CORROSIVE_OVER_OXIDIZER","clause":"49 CFR 177.848(e)(3)"}],"provenance":{"ecfr_snapshot":"2026-08-27","title_49_latest_amended_on":"2026-08-19","title_49_up_to_date_as_of":"2026-08-27","source":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-27/title-49.xml?part=172&section=172.101","legal_status":"The eCFR is an editorial compilation and is not the official legal edition of the CFR. 49 CFR is a work of the United States Government, not subject to copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. This is not legal advice."},"computed_in_ms":96}